November is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Awareness Month, a time to bring attention to one of the leading causes of illness and death in the United States — yet one that is often misunderstood or undiagnosed.
COPD is not a single disease but a group of lung conditions, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that cause airflow blockage, chronic cough, and breathing-related problems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 15 million Americans have been diagnosed with COPD and millions more may have it without knowing.
Understanding the Signs
COPD develops slowly, and symptoms often go unnoticed in the early stages. Common warning signs include:
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• A chronic cough that produces mucus
• Wheezing or chest tightness
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Fatigue or difficulty keeping up with daily activities
Because symptoms can be mistaken for normal aging or other conditions, early diagnosis is key to slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
The most common cause of COPD is long-term cigarette smoking, but the condition can also result from exposure to air pollutants, chemical fumes, or secondhand smoke. A small number of people develop COPD due to a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
If you’ve been exposed to these risks, even if it was years ago, talk to your provider about screening, especially if you experience breathing difficulties.
Managing COPD
While there is no cure for COPD, effective treatments can help people live fuller, more active lives. Management may include:
• Medications such as inhalers (long-acting bronchodilators and sometimes inhaled steroids) to open airways and reduce inflammation. Make sure you use your inhaler correctly.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation programs to improve breathing strength and stamina.
• Oxygen therapy for those with low oxygen levels.
• Smoking cessation support, which remains the single most important step in slowing COPD progression. E-cigarettes are not proven to help people quit safely.
– Other Treatments: In some cases, surgery or special procedures may help, especially if you have severe COPD that does not improve with other treatments.
– Watch for Flare-Ups: If you notice more coughing, shortness of breath, or changes in your sputum, contact your healthcare provider. Early treatment can prevent serious problems.
– Address Other Health Issues: COPD can be linked to other conditions like heart disease, anxiety, depression, and osteoporosis. Talk to your doctor about screening and managing these.
Living Well with COPD
Staying active, maintaining a healthy diet, and following your care plan can all make a big difference. Avoiding respiratory infections through vaccinations, such as flu, COVID-19, and pneumonia vaccines, is also critical for those living with COPD. Ask your health care team about support groups and resources.
If you or someone you love struggle with persistent coughing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and treatment can help you breathe easier and live better.
Advance Planning
Discuss your wishes for care in case your disease gets worse. Planning ahead can help you and your family feel more prepared. Remember, COPD is different for everyone. Your treatment plan should be tailored to your needs and preferences. Regular check-ups and open communication with your health care team are important for managing your COPD.
By Sharad Oli, M.D.
UPMC Pulmonologist
Saharad Oli, M.D., is with UPMC Pulmonology and sees patients at UPMC Williamsport, 700 High Street, Floor 2, Williamsport. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Oli, call 570-321-3580. For more information, visit UPMC.com/LungNCPA.
