Each fall, as Breast Cancer Awareness Month approaches, we often hear the reminder to “schedule your annual mammogram.” While regular mammograms are crucial for early detection, there are other important factors that contribute to understanding your risk of breast cancer. One of the most significant is knowing your family’s health history. This information not only impacts your risk for breast cancer but also for other diseases. Being informed about your family’s medical history empowers you to make better decisions about managing your health.
Why it Matters
Our genetic code is a unique combination of genes passed down from our parents. Mutations or changes in certain genes can increase the likelihood of cancerous cells forming in the body. Certain cancers, such as those affecting the pancreas, thyroid, colon, bones, breasts, ovaries, and skin (melanoma), can be linked to genetic mutations. Specifically, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are closely associated with breast and ovarian cancer. Understanding whether these mutations are present in your family can help guide you in making informed decisions about screening and prevention strategies.
Starting the Conversation
Talking about family health can be challenging, especially when it involves discussing personal medical issues. However, avoiding these conversations may prevent future generations from gaining valuable information that could safeguard their health. Start by talking to your immediate family about any history of breast cancer or other cancers. Key details, such as the age at diagnosis, can provide valuable insight into when you should begin screenings. If your family history is unclear or difficult to trace, consider genetic counseling. A genetic counselor can help assess your risk and provide personalized guidance.
Genetic Testing
If your family has a history of breast cancer, you may want to consider genetic testing. A genetic counselor can help assess whether testing for mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 is appropriate for you. While having one of these mutations doesn’t guarantee you’ll develop breast cancer, it does give you more knowledge to make informed decisions about your health, such as starting mammograms at an earlier age or considering preventative measures like lifestyle changes or surgery.
What to Do
Knowing your family’s health history can be a wake-up call, but it doesn’t have to be a source of fear. If you’re at increased risk, there are steps you can take to reduce your chances of developing breast cancer. Regular screenings, such as mammograms or MRIs, can catch cancer early when it’s most treatable. Discuss starting screenings earlier or more frequently if you’re at higher risk with your health care provider.
In addition to medical screenings, lifestyle changes can play a crucial role in reducing risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, limiting alcohol, and avoiding smoking can all contribute to lowering your overall cancer risk. If you ever have any concerns, do not hesitate to reach out to your primary care provider.
by Susan Branton, M.D.
UPMC Magee-Womens Breast Health Center
Susan Branton, M.D., is the medical director of UPMC Magee-Womens Breast Health Center, UPMC Williamsport Divine Providence Campus, 1100 Grampian Blvd., Williamsport. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Branton or learn more about breast health, call 570-326-8200 or go to UPMC.com/BreastNCPA.
